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Cox and Hammond's Quay
Cox & Hammond's Quay was a wharf located in the City of London, on the north bank of the River Thames a short distance downstream from London Bridge. It was originally two separate quays, Cox's Quay (also known as Cox's Key or Cock's Key) and Hammond's Quay, separated by Gaunt's Quay. On the landward side, the wharf was accessed via Lower Thames Street just behind the site of the church of St Botolph Billingsgate.
==Origins==
The wharf encompassed three of the twenty Legal Quays of the City of London, designated in the ''Act of Frauds'' of 1559. They were given state authorisation to serve as official landing and loading points for traders. Cox's Quay was designated as being "altogether for foreigners' goods who had merchandizes and lodgings" and Gaunt's Quay was "for landing of barrell fyshe and suche like havinge no crane". The three quays already existed at that time, though the date of their establishments is not known. They were among the smallest of the legal quays and had a combined frontage of only – for Cox's Quay, for Gaunt's Quay and for Hammond's Quay.
All three quays appear to have been named after owners; during the reign of Elizabeth I of England, Cox's Quay was recorded as having been demised from Richard Coke to Anne Cooke, either of which could have been the source of the quay's name. Gaunt's Quay was at some point absorbed into Hammond's Quay, and Cox and Hammond's Quays were both subsequently united.〔Henry A Harben, 'Cousen's Lane – Crachemilles', in ''A Dictionary of London'' (London, 1918), https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/dictionary-of-london/cousens-lane-crachemilles#h2-0017 (accessed 16 March 2015).〕〔Henry A Harben, 'Garlickhithe – George (St.) in Pudding Lane', in ''A Dictionary of London'' (London, 1918), https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/dictionary-of-london/garlickhithe-george-in-pudding-lane#h2-0013 (accessed 16 March 2015).〕〔Henry A Harben, 'Hall's Rents, St. Katherine's – Hand Alley', in ''A Dictionary of London'' (London, 1918), https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/dictionary-of-london/halls-rents-st-katherines-hand-alley#h2-0012 (accessed 16 March 2015).〕 The 18th century ownership of Gaunt's and Cox's Quays was somewhat unusual in that they were both owned and managed by a professional lighterman.〔 Hammond's Quay was owned for several centuries by the Vintners' Company, to which it had been bequeathed in 1439 by Thomas Crofton. He transferred his responsibilities as a trustee to the Company in exchange for an agreement that it would celebrate a service for the dead or ''dirige'' annually on 3 May at St Botolph Billingsgate. In 1792 the Company attempted to offer the lease to the East India Company, which declined. Another man obtained the lease but in turn reassigned it to the East India Company in 1796.〔Crawford, p. 176〕
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